Sector Foundry examines the physical and economic stack behind AI systems, including compute, memory, networking, optical interconnects, data centers, power and cooling. The research focuses on where capacity, qualification, system architecture and capital intensity create bottlenecks or shift value across the infrastructure stack.
China AI Models and the Emerging U.S.–China AI Split
Chinese AI has moved beyond the DeepSeek cost shock. Kimi K3, Qwen3.8, DeepSeek V4 and Tencent’s Hy4 show a broader ecosystem narrowing…
AI Data Centers Are Turning Construction Capacity Into a Constraint
AI data centers are changing construction economics as high-density power, liquid cooling, long-lead equipment and skilled trades become new bottlenecks.
Samsung Electronics: How Durable Is the Earnings Surge?
Samsung Electronics has moved from an earnings recovery into a period of record profitability, driven overwhelmingly by memory. The more important question…
AI Is Early, but Not Macro-Independent: How Rates and Growth Reach the AI Stack
AI remains early in enterprise diffusion even as technical capability and infrastructure investment accelerate. That does not make the sector macro-independent: interest…
Optical Interconnect Value Chain and Binding Bottlenecks
AI optical demand extends far beyond fiber and transceivers. The most consequential constraints are concentrated in specialized lasers, photonic fabrication, precision packaging,…
Why AI’s Next Bottleneck Is Moving Into Optical Interconnects
AI clusters are no longer constrained only by processors and memory. As data movement rises, the bottleneck is shifting to lasers, photonic…
SK Hynix’s 2Q26 Earnings: Record Margins, but the Memory Supply Gap Has Not Closed
SK hynix’s second-quarter results reflect more than another strong quarter for high-bandwidth memory. Pricing power has expanded into server DRAM and enterprise…